![]() ![]() At the time of Indian independence movement in the early 20th century, there were two major princely states in Kerala: Travancore and Cochin. In the 15th century, the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and paved the way for European colonisation of India. The region's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE. The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE. The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era (CE). The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. Spread over 38,863 km 2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Kerala ( English: / ˈ k ɛr ə l ə/ KERR-ə-lə Malayalam: ( listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.
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